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Posted: Thu 23:50, 22 Aug 2013 Post subject: Farm revival and nutrition security-spun1 |
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Farm revival and nutrition security
Indian agriculture craves resurgence. Farm growth over the last 10 years continues to be tardy,even while the nation registered remarkable rates of economic growth , driven primarily by the manufacturing and services sector.
Rising incomes and demographic pressure generate expanding interest in foods; but output growth lags demand growth, leading to tightening supplies, rising prices and increasing reliance on imports (pulses and edible oil regularly; sugar and wheat occasionally).
India has all it takes to become farm superpower with about 270 days of sunshine, over 160 million hectares of arable land, 900 millimeters of annual rainfall, varied agro-climatic conditions and biodiversity,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], two cropping seasons, over 7,000 km of coastline,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], not to mention, abundant supply of cheap labour.
5-point plan of action
A five-point plan of action as detailed below can lead to agricultural resurgence.
Strengthen the input delivery system: The input market must be monitored, and when need be regulated , to ensure easy access of quality inputs (seeds, fertiliser, agro-chemicals) at affordable prices.
Rapidly expand irrigation facilities: Nearly 40 per cent of land under cultivation is irrigated and the rest is rain-fed or dependent on vagaries of monsoon. Many irrigation projects have been languishing for very long years, while large numbers spent on numerous schemes haven't yielded desired results. Major field crops (rice, wheat, coarse cereals,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], pulses, oilseeds,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], cotton and sugarcane) show no marked increase in acreage under irrigated land over last 10 years. Scientific control over water resources will help raise crop yields substantially in the current low levels in addition to help raise land use intensity currently at 1.3.
Improve antiquated agronomic practices through revival of extension services; and by relating to the private sector through appropriate policy support. adoption of scientific pre- and post-harvest practices in addition to infusion of technology inputs such as genetically-modified seeds would help cut on-farm losses,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. (Bt. Cotton is a great one of success through tech infusion),[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Invest in rural marketing infrastructure: Huge budgetary outlays are necessary for building scientific warehouses, primary grading and sorting facilities, revamping the agricultural marketing yards and laying roads for connecting them with villages. Quality-related pricing of farm produce will enhance growers' incomes.
Use of information technology to provide price and market information to growers: Timely delivery of price and market information will convert growers into savvy traders. If public purchase of agriculture is stepped up, much-needed private investment will start to flow into the farm sector.
OECD modelIndia can gain knowledge from the OECD farm support programme. While developing countries generally attack the humungous farm support programme of OECD countries ($375 billion a year and counting), phone information on support would reveal that around $85-95 billion year are allocated to what's referred to as services' to agriculture including expenditure on research, infrastructure, inspection and control as also marketing and promotion. These are absent in India.
India should invest large sums generally services as described above and build capacity among farmers. Higher farm output through higher yields or productivity gains may be the way forward,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Agricultural resurgence in India will improve rural incomes and permit easier use of nutritious food along with other essential goods and services. It will set-off a virtuous cycle.
Nutrition challengeIndia suffers from pervasive malnutrition and under-nutrition, especially one of the poor in rural areas, and mainly among women and children. This follows skewed pattern of economic growth or without equity'.
You will find easy policy options to deliver calories and protein towards the poor at reasonable prices. The Public Distribution System (PDS) which reaches a lot of poor people delivers subsidised rice, wheat and sugar. It is important the government includes edible oil and pulses under PDS at subsidised rates.
Admittedly, PDS as it works at present has certain limitations. The federal government must plug leakages through close monitoring and use of innovative means such as cards'.
Additionally, in agrarian economies for example India where hunger is turning chronic and shortages endemic, government policies should check rampant marketisation of agriculture and rabid financialisation of agricultural markets. Curbs on speculative capital that chases essential foods in short supply and creates avoidable price volatility are necessary.
Rising incomes and spread of knowledge and communication technology (ICT) are changing people's food habits. Consumers have to be educated about maintaining a healthy diet foods. A campaign to eating healthy food fashionable' is required.
The Constitution angleUnder the Constitution of India,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and therefore are State subjects. Importance given to agriculture, health insurance and education varies across States.
India requires a unified method of agriculture which can help improve nutrition and health,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
It is strongly recommended might may be shifted to the Concurrent list so the Central government may come up with legislation that may be implemented uniformly across the nation. Finally,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the federal government must demonstrate will' to implement progressive and growth-oriented policies. Responsibility for outcomes is essential.
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